DAY 8 - THE COMPOUND NOUNS (MURAKKAB-E-TAUSIFI – مُرّكَب تَوْصِيْفي)

INTRODUCTION

In Arabic language there are special compound-nouns known as “مُرّكَبات”. They are basically combination of two words. They are essential for understanding Arabic language. Most importants are:

1.                 Murakkab-e-Tausifi – تَوْصِيْفي مُرّكَب

2.                 Murakkab-e-Edafi – إضَافِي مُرّكَب

3.                 Murakkab-e- A’dadi – دَي عَدَ  مُرّكَب

4.                 Murakkab-e- Eshari – إشَارِي  مُرّكَب

1.                 Murakkab-e-Tausifi – تَوْصِيْفي مُرّكَب

In English we say White House or Black Car and in Pakistan we say “Safaid Ghar” or “Kali Car” but like Spanish in Arabic we say “house white” or “Ghar Safaid” the combination is reversed.

In English and Urdu, the adjective comes first and its corresponding noun comes second. In Arabic, Spanish and Portuguese it is reversed; the Noun comes first and its adjective comes second.

This compound (Noun-adjective) consists of two words. The first word is a noun known as “Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ” It could be:

1.                 Indefinite noun

2.                 Definite noun

3.                 Singular Noun

4.                 Plural noun

5.                 Masculine noun

6.                 Feminine noun

7.                 Marfoo’, Mansoob, or Majroor

The second word is also a noun known as “صِفَتْ” or adjective in English. In Arabic “صِفَتْ” or adjective follows the first noun “Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ” in four rules:

1.                 Number (Singular – Plural): If the first noun (“Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ”) is singular then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be singular.  If the first noun (“Mausoof مَوْصُوْفْ”) is plural then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be plural.

2.                 Gender (Masculine – Feminine): If the first noun (“Mausoof مَوْصُوْفْ”) is Masculine then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be Masculine.  If the first noun (“Mausoof مَوْصُوْفْ”) is Feminine then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be Feminine.

3.                 Condition of nouns (Definite – Indefinite): If the first noun (“Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ”) is Definite then second noun must be Definite. If the first noun (“Mausoof مَوْصُوْفْ”) is Indefinite then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be Indefinite.

4.                 Case Ending (Marfoo’, Mansoob, or Majroor):

If the first noun (“Mausoof  مَوْصُوْفْ” ) is in Marfaooi Status (with Pesh/Damma) then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be in Marafooi Status or case (with Pesh/Damma).

If the first noun (“Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ”) is in Mansoobi Status (with Fat’ha/Zabar) then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be in Mansoobi Status (with Fat’ha/Zabar).

If the first noun (“Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ”) is in Majrooi Status (with Kasra/Zeir) then second noun (“صِفَتْ” adjective) must be in Majroori Status (with Kasra/Zeir).

I.                   First Noun is Singular, Definite, Masculine, and Marfooi’:

·                    ٲلْعَظِيْمٌ ٲلْلَهُ  (The great or magnificent Lord)

ٲلْلَهُ  Allah – (“Mausoof   مَوْصُوْفْ”): Singular, Definite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with one Damma)

ٲلْعَظِيْمٌ - (“صِفَتْ” adjective): Singular, Definite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with one Damma)

·                    ٲَلْكَرِيْمُ ٲَلْرَّسُوْلُ (The honored Prophet or Respected Prophet)

ٲَلْرَّسُوْلُ The Prophet – (“Mausoof  مَوْصُوْفْ”): Singular, Definite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with one Damma)

ٲَلْكَرِيْمُ - (“صِفَتْ” adjective): Singular, Definite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with one Damma)

·                     ٲَلْرَّسُوْلُ مُحَّمَدٌ   [Prophet Muhammad (SAW) – The Messenger]

مُحَحَّدٌ  Prophet Muhammad (SAW) – (“Mausoof  مَوْصُوْفْ”): Singular, Definite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with two Damma as in Arabic many masculine names have Tanween – two damma even it is definite)

ٲَلْرَّسُوْلُ The Prophet - (“صِفَتْ” adjective): Singular, Definite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with one Damma).

Similar Examples

  ٲَلْرَّحِيْمُ ٲلْتَّوَّابُ   (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah: 37 and 54)  Oft-returning, Most Merciful

  ٲَلْرَّحِيْمُ ٲَلْرَّحْمٰنُ (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah: 163)  Most Gracious, Most Merciful

ٲَلْعَظِيْمُ ٲَلْفَوْزُ (Surah: An-Nisa Ayah: 13) The Supreme Achievement    

II.                First Noun is Singular, Indefinite, Masculine, and Marfoo’:

·                    غَفُوُرٌ   رَبٌّ  -  Lord who forgives

·                     رَبٌّ  Lord  – (“Mausoof  مَوْصُوْفْ”): Singular, Indefinite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with two Damma)

·                     غَفُوُرٌ   - (“صِفَتْ” adjective): Singular, Indefinite, Masculine and Marfoo’ (with two Damma)

Similar Examples

·                     عَظيْمٌ  عَذَابٌ  (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah: 7)  Great Penalty
 

·                    ٲّلِيْمٌ عَذَابٌ  (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah: 104)    Painful Penalty

·                    وَاحِدٌ  ٳِلهٌ (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah: 163)  One Lored

·                    مُبِيْنٌ  عَدوٌ  (Sura: Baqrah, Ayah: 168)   Open Enemy

III.             First Noun is Singular, Indefinite, Feminine, and Marfoo’:

·                    كَامِلَةٌ  عَشَرَةٌ (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah 196)  - Ten Complete

·                    قَاٮِٕمَةٌ  فِٔٮٔةٍ  (Surah: Al-e-Imran, Ayah: 113)    A group that stand

IV.            First Noun is Singular, Indefinite, Masculine, and Mansoob:

·                    مَعْرُوُفَاً  قَوْلَاً (Surah Baqrah: Ayah 235)  Terms Honorable
      

·                    حَسَنًا  قَرْضًا (Surah Baqrah: Ayah 245)     A beautiful loan

·                    شَدِيْدًا  عَذَابًا (Surah Ale Imran: Ayah 56)   Hard punishment

V.               First Noun is Singular, Definite, Masculine, and Mansoob:

·                    ٲَلْمُسْتَقِيْمَ ٲَلْصِّرَاطَ (Sura Fateha: Aya 6)  Right Path

VI.            First Noun is Singular, Indefinite, Masculine, and Majroor:

·                    وَّاحِدٍ  طَعَامٍ (Sura Baqrah Ayah 61)   One food

·                    بَعِيْدٍ  شِقَاقٍ (Sura: Baqrah Ayah 176)  Far from the purpose
        

·                    ٲَثَيْمٍ كَفَارٍ  (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah:276)  Creature unthankful        

·                      ٲَلِيْمٍ   عَذَابٍ (Surah: Al-e-Imran, Ayah:21)  Severe Punishment  

VII.         First Noun is Plural, Definite, Feminine, and Majroor:

·                       ٲَلْمُٶمِنٰتِ ٲَلْمُحْصَنٰتِ (Sura An-Nisa Ayah 25)    Pious women  

VIII.      First Noun is Singular, Indefinite, Feminine, and Majroor:

·                    قَلَيْلَةٍ فِٔٮٔةٍ  (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah:249)       A small goup     

·                    وَاحِدَةٍ نَفْسٍ (Surah: An-Nisa, Ayah:1)   only one person

IX.            First Noun is Plural (Jama Mukassar), Indefinite, Feminine, and Marfoo. Sifat is Singular, Feminine (will be discussed with singular – plural Module):

·                         مُطَهَّرَةٌ ٲَزْوَاجٌ (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah:25)    special case  “Good wives” 

 

X.               First Noun is Plural (Jama Mukassar), Indefinite, Feminine, and Mansoob.

Sifat is Singular, Feminine (will be discussed with singular – plural Module):

·                    مَعْدُوْدَةً  ٲَيَّامًا    (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah:80)    special case  (Only few days)
     

XI.            First Noun is Plural (Jama Mukassar), Indefinite, Feminine, and Marfoo’
Sifat is Plural, Feminine (will be discussed with singular – plural Module):

·                    مَعْلُوْمٰتٌ ٲَشْهُرٌ     (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah:197)    special case (known months)

       

XII.           First Noun is Plural (Jama Mukassar), Indefinite, Feminine, and Majroor.
Sifat is Plural, Feminine (will be discussed with singular – plural Module):

·                     مَعْدُوْدٰتٍ ٲَيَّامٍ     (Surah: Baqrah, Ayah:203)    special case  (few days)

The translation is from the tafseer of Abdullah Yusuf Ali